Non-Destructive Techniques for Control, Characterization and Visualization

Recommended Prerequisites

Generic training in engineering.

Teaching Methods

Lectures with detailed exposition of the concepts, principles and fundamental theories and with the resolution of conventional exercises for consolidation of knowledge.

Laboratory classes with implementation of experimental work related to the topics covered in the lectures.

Learning Outcomes

Understand the techniques related to image formation and visualization by ultrasounds. Medical applications.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

Understanding ultrasound. Concept of piezoelectricity. Materials used in the generation of ultrasound. Fields of application. Selection of probes: choice of materials and construction aspects.

Physical quantities associated with ultrasound: Wave equation. Concept of acoustic impedance. Propagation in media with interfaces. Conversion modes.
Characterization of ultrasonic transducers: Near field and far field concept. Radiation diagrams. Aperture angle. Array of transducers concept. Mechanical and electronic beam focusing. Project of an array. Electronic focusing and beam tilt. The notion of delay lines.
Ultrasonic visualization techniques:
A-scan, B-scan and C-scan display. Diagram of echoes. Fields of application of each display type. Potential of each display. Simple ways of implementation. Information contained in each display type.

Head Lecturer(s)

Jaime Baptista dos Santos

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Laboratory work or Field work: 20.0%
Exam: 30.0%
Field work: 50.0%

Bibliography

Krautkramer, J.; Krautkramer, H. Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, 4th Edition (1990), Springer

Szabo, T.L. Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging (2004), Elsevier.