Combustion

Recommended Prerequisites

Mathematical Analysis I, Mathematical Analysis II, Mathematical Analysis III, Physics I, Physics II, Thermodynamics, Applied Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Heat and Mass Transfer, Fluid Mechanics I, Fluid Mechanics II.

Teaching Methods

Lectures

The methodology followed in the lectures consists first to motivate the student to study the subject to be presented and secondly to present the subject in an understandable way for the student. The presentation of the class is done using audiovisual media in digital format.

Theoretical and Practical

The methodology followed in theoretical and practical classes consists in solving theoretical and practical problems carefully chosen to allow after their solving to reach an interesting conclusion and as general as possible.

Learning Outcomes

The students must acquire the knowledge that constitutes the foundations of the science of combustion, apply this fundamental knowledge to analyse and describe combustion phenomena and solve combustion problems, acquire knowledge of the practical applications (e.g. boilers, gas turbines) and of its relevance to the economy and the environment. The areas of fundamental knowledge that constitute the science of combustion are thermochemistry, the processes of heat, mass and momentum transfer in laminar and turbulent regime, fluid mechanics and chemical kinetics. The problems of combustion where this basic knowledge is applied are premixed laminar and turbulent flames, laminar and turbulent jet diffusion flames, droplet evaporation and burning, solids combustion, detonations in gases and condensates, ignition and extinction phenomena of premixed flames and the determination of the properties and composition of the combustion products.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

Introduction. Properties of the gases and kinetic theory of gases. Combustion and thermochemistry: enthalpy of reaction and heating value; adiabatic flame temperature; chemical equilibrium. Molecular processes of heat transfer and mass diffusion in binary and multicomponent mixtures. Chemical kinetics: elementary reaction rates; rates of reaction of multistep mechanisms; relation between rate coefficients and equilibrium constants. Some important chemical mechanisms. Coupling chemical kinetics and thermochemistry of reacting systems. Conservation equations for reacting flows. Deflagration and detonation waves of premixed gases. Premixed laminar flames. Ignition and extinction of premixed flames. Laminar diffusion flames. Droplet evaporation and combustion. Turbulent premixed flames. Turbulent diffusion flames. Burning of solids. Pollutant combustion products. Types of boilers, auxiliary equipment, safety and control systems, typical thermal circuits.

Head Lecturer(s)

Pedro de Figueiredo Vieira Carvalheira

Assessment Methods

Assessment
8 Problem solving reports: 20.0%
2 Numerical simulation reports: 20.0%
Exam: 60.0%

Bibliography

1. Turns, Stephen R., An Introduction to Combustion: Concepts and Applications, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill series in Mechanical Engineering, 2011.

2. Borman, Gary L., and Ragland, Kenneth W., Combustion Engineering, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1998.

3. Poling, Bruce E., Prausnitz, John M., O’Connell, John, The Properties of Gases & Liquids, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill Chemical Engineering Series, Singapore, 2001.

4. Heywood, John. B., Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, 1988.

5. Kuo, Kenneth K., Principles of Combustion, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1986

6. Strehlow, Roger A., Fundamentals of Combustion, McGraw-Hill series in Energy, Combustion and Environment, 1985.

7. Incropera, F.P. DeWitt, D.P. ,Bergman, T. L. and Lavine, A.S., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, John Wiley & Sons, 7th ed., 2011.

8. White, Frank M., Fluid Mechanics, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2011.

9. Lide, D. R. (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, CRC Press, 2004-2005.