Underground Works

Recommended Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of Geoscience and of Engineering Geology.

Teaching Methods

Theoretical: using audiovisual means to facilitate the understanding of concepts, models and methodologies. Students will participate in lectures, through its intervention or, occasionally, by presenting subjects within the discipline syllabus.

Theoretical-Practical: use of theoretical knowledge to theoretical-practical cases, problems resolution. Tunneling projects analysis and other educational materials related to the discipline.

Learning Outcomes

The course aims to:

A) Provide the students with the capability to project and construct an underground structure (tunnel, shaft or cavern), taking into account the characteristics of the rock mass and the construction techniques that can be applied to the particularly situation.

B) The student must know the methods that allow to use several types of supports, construction techniques, types of support to adopt and geotechnical monitoring systems.

C) The student must analyze with critical sense and execute a project of an underground excavation.Skills to developed:

Instrumental: competence in analysis and synthesis, skills to solve problems.

Personal: competence in critical thinking and competence in working in interdisciplinary teams.

Systemic: competence in applying theoretical knowledge in practice, competence in planning and managing, concern for quality, competence in autonomous learning.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

1. Introduction. Geotechnical classification Index. Index Terzaghi, Wickham (RSR), Bieniawski (RMR), Barton (Q-Rock Tunnelling Quality Index) and Manuel Rocha (MR-index Manuel Rocha)

2. Shaft excavation methods. Traditional methods with drilling and explosives. Raise and Down Boring. Ascendants and descendants methods. Opening shafts in incoherent mass rocks and water. Stress distribution. Types of support and monitoring.

3. Caverns opening methods. Stress distribution and support solutions. Control and monitoring shafts.

4. Tunneling opening in rock and soil. New Austrian Tunneling Methods (NATM). Method of opening tunnels and stress distribution around the excavations. Equipment and supports used in tunneling excavations. Monitoring tunnels and in the surrounding area to the surface. TBM and EPM used to open tunnels. TAP - Tunneling Advancement Plan. Methods used for opening in incoherent rock masses.

5. Consult and analysis of several underground excavations projects.

Head Lecturer(s)

Fernando Pedro Ortega de Oliveira Figueiredo

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Report of a seminar or field trip: 10.0%
Research work: 15.0%
Resolution Problems: 15.0%
Exam: 60.0%

Bibliography

Atlas Copco (2008) - Raiseboring in mining constrution. Washington, USA.

Brady, B.H.G., Brown, E.T. (1985) – Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining, Ed. George Allen.

Decreto-Lei n.º 349-C/83. (1983) - Regulamento de Estruturas de Betão Armado e Pré-Esforçado.

Figueiredo, F. (2014) - Power Point slides presentations from de classroom lessons.

Geoconsultant, Ingenieros Consultores (2008) - Manual de Túneles.

Hoek, E., Kaiser, P.K., Bawden, W.F. (1995) - Support of Underground Excavations in Hard Rock, A.A. Balkema

JAE (2009) - Caderno de Encargos tipo para as Empreitadas de Construção de túneis. Vol.X 09 Túneis. Direcção de Serviços de Apoio Técnico, Lisboa.

Jaeger e Cooks, (1976) - Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Ed. Chapman and Hall.

Rocha, M. (1981) – Mecânica das Rochas. LNEC, Lisboa.

Stacey, T.R. (1986) - Practical Handbook for Underground Rock Mechanics, Ed. Trans, Tech Publications-Clausthal-Alemanha.

US Army Corps of Engineers (1997) - Engineering and Design, Tunnels and shafts.