Movement and Demyelinating Disorders

Recommended Prerequisites

Knowledge of central nervous system anatomy; elementary knowledge of cellular biology, innate and adaptive immune system and understanding the functioning of synaptic transmission. Proficiency of english language.

Teaching Methods

Theoretical classes, classes of critical reading of scientific articles, reflexive reading of articles of medicine based on the evidence essentially for the therapeutics of the pathologies approached. Each topic will be approached from a translational perspective. Teachers: Clinical elements are physicians with personal experience in the areas addressed and the research professors in basic sciences are neuroscientists with recognized research in these pathologies.

It will include seminars to make known the translational research work carried out, ending with the design of a project.

Learning Outcomes

Movement disorders:

- Understand the functional circuits involved in the voluntary motor act and dysfunction underlying the movement disorders

- Understand the cellular and molecular basis of diseases of the basal ganglia

- Recognize the main clinical entities, signs and symptoms that arise in the dysfunction of the structures involved in the disease and correlation with the underlying neurophysiological alteration.

Demyelinating diseases of CNS:

- Understand diseases that affect CNS myelin, pathogenic events, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic criteria

- Understand the etiology and pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis, as well as current therapeutic strategies and future targets

- Understand mechanisms of repair, neuroplasticity and clinical recovery

- To know the contribution of imaging techniques, biomarkers in CSF and blood and OCT in the diagnosis, knowledge of the pathophysiology and follow-up of patients.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

Movement disorders (2 ECTS):

- Anatomophysiology of basal ganglia and dysfunction

- Neural circuits, direct and indirect pathways, modeling circuits (emotion, movement, learning); synaptic transmission and dysfunction

- Imaging in research, diagnosis and evaluation for treatment

- D.Parkinson as a model of rigid bradykinetic syndrome

- Polyglutamine-expansion diseases and disease mechanisms; Huntington and Machado-Joseph diseases: mutated proteins and cytotoxicity

- Animal models: advantages and disadvantages

- Potential therapeutics

Demyelinating diseases (3 ECTS):

- Classification of demyelinating diseases and basic concepts (myelin physiology)

- Etiology and pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis

- Clinical manifestations, their neural bases and diagnostic criteria of MS

- Mechanisms of repair, plasticity and recovery

- Other CNS demyelinating diseases: NMO Spectrum Disease and MOGAD Disease

- Applications of imaging techniques (MR), LCR and OCT.

Head Lecturer(s)

Sónia Raquel Marques Batista

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Exam: 30.0%
Synthesis work: 30.0%
Mini Tests: 40.0%

Bibliography

- Kalia LV, Lang AE (2015) Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 386, 896-912.

- Cacabelos R (2017) Parkinson's Disease:From Pathogenesis to Pharmacogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 4;18(3).

- Parashar A,Udayabanu M.Parkinsonism (2017) Gut microbiota: Implications in Parkinson's disease. Relat Disord. 38, 1-7.

- Ross CA,Tabrizi SJ (2011) Huntington's disease: from molecular pathogenesis to clinical treatment. Lancet Neurol. 10, 83-98.

- Mendonça et al. (2018) Clinical Features of Machado-Joseph Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1049, 255-273.

- Thompson AJ,Baranzini SE,Ciccarelli O (2018) Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 391, 1622-1636.

- Reich DS,Lucchinetti CF,Calabresi PA (2018) Multiple Sclerosis. N EngJ Med. 378, 169-180.

- Höftberger R, Lassmann H (2017) Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol. 145, 263-283.

- Hemmer B, Kerschensteiner M,Korn T (2015) Role of the innate and adaptative immune responses in the course of multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 14, 406-419.