Movement and Demyelinating Disorders

Recommended Prerequisites

Knowledge of central nervous system anatomy; elementary knowledge of cellular biology, innate and adaptive immune system and understanding the functioning of synaptic transmission. Proficiency of english language.

Teaching Methods

Theoretical classes, classes of critical reading of scientific articles, reflexive reading of articles of medicine based on the evidence essentially for the therapeutics of the pathologies approached. Each topic will be approached from a translational perspective. Teachers: Clinical elements are physicians with personal experience in the areas addressed and the research professors in basic sciences are neuroscientists with recognized research in these pathologies.

Learning Outcomes

Movement disorders:

-Understand the functional circuits involved in the voluntary motor act and dysfunction underlying the movement disorders

-Understand the cellular and molecular basis of diseases of the basal ganglia

- Recognize the main clinical entities, signs and symptoms that arise in the dysfunction of the structures involved in the disease and correlation with the underlying neurophysiological alteration.

 

Demyelinating diseases:

- Understand CNS myelin aggression diseases, the pathogenic events and clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and treatment

- Understand the mechanisms of autoimmune response, the innate and adaptive immune system

- Analyze the activation of microglia in multiple sclerosis, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, production of free radicals and stimulation of glutamate release

- Show the contribution of brain MRI in the evaluation of pathogenic events

- Understand the mechanisms of repair, neuroplasticity and clinical recovery.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

Movement disorders (3 ECTS):

- Concept of movement disorder(s)

- Anatomophysiology of basal ganglia and dysfunction

- Neural circuits, direct and indirect pathways, modeling circuits (emotion, movement, learning); synaptic transmission and dysfunction

- Clinical manifestations of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders

- Imaging in research, diagnosis and evaluation for treatment

- D.Parkinson as a model of rigid bradykinetic syndrome

- Polyglutamine-expansion diseases and disease mechanisms; Huntington and Machado-Joseph diseases: mutated proteins and cytotoxicity

- Animal models: advantages and disadvantages

- Potential therapeutics

 

Demyelinating diseases (2 ECTS):

- Epidemiology and genetics of Multiple Sclerosis and risk factors

- Relation between immunological alterations and pathological alterations of the disease

- From pathological changes to clinical translation

- Diagnostic criteria of the diseases and therapeutics

- Mechanisms of repair, plasticity and recovery.

Head Lecturer(s)

Maria Cristina Januário Santos

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Other: 5.0%
Resolution Problems: 5.0%
Report of a seminar or field trip: 10.0%
Exam: 80.0%

Bibliography

- Kalia LV, Lang AE (2015) Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 386, 896-912.

- Cacabelos R (2017) Parkinson's Disease:From Pathogenesis to Pharmacogenomics. Int J Mol Sci. 4;18(3).

- Parashar A,Udayabanu M.Parkinsonism (2017) Gut microbiota: Implications in Parkinson's disease. Relat Disord. 38, 1-7.

- Ross CA,Tabrizi SJ (2011) Huntington's disease: from molecular pathogenesis to clinical treatment. Lancet Neurol. 10, 83-98.

- Mendonça et al. (2018) Clinical Features of Machado-Joseph Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1049, 255-273.

- Thompson AJ,Baranzini SE,Ciccarelli O (2018) Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 391, 1622-1636.

- Reich DS,Lucchinetti CF,Calabresi PA (2018) Multiple Sclerosis. N EngJ Med. 378, 169-180.

- Höftberger R, Lassmann H (2017) Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Handb Clin Neurol. 145, 263-283.

- Hemmer B, Kerschensteiner M,Korn T (2015) Role of the innate and adaptative immune responses in the course of multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 14, 406-419.