Pathophysiology

Recommended Prerequisites

Pathophysiology is a natural bridge between basic science and clinical practice, which reduces the increasing trend of medical practice partitioning, taking place in parallel with the exponential growth of scientific data with potential relevance in clinical medicine. General and special pathophysiology should enable integrative and comprehensive dealing with postgenomic molecular data and their integration into classical views of etiology and pathogenesis. To learn pathophysiology, the prerequisites are the student's knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunology, and Genetics.

Teaching Methods

Theoretical classes:

• Prior assessment of students’ level of knowledge.

• Formulation of objectives.

• Use of handouts.

• Structuring of classes based on the analysis of a problem.

• Clarification of questions that promote reasoning.

• Group discussion (buzz groups).

• Discussion that allows a post-lecture assessment.

• Lecturing complemented by a brief final summary.

Practical Classes

• Problem-based learning.

• Case Studies.

• Analysis of documents.

• Presentations carried out by students.

• Experiential learning

• Conceptual maps

Seminars Pathophysiology/Pharmacology

Learning Outcomes

• Explain the pathophysiological processes of the different agents of disease: mechanical agents, thermoregulation, radiation/electricity, chemicals, living agents, environmental allergens

• Know the main mechanisms of the host response to aggression: inflammation, fever, edema, electrolyte changes, pain, stress, cancer. Demonstrate the capability of identifying the different etiopathogenic parameters. Evaluate laboratory parameters of the inflammatory response.

• Know the pathophysiology of systems/organs and aging: describe the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease; know the main etiopathogenic mechanisms of anemia and the importance of hemostasis; explain the pathophysiology of respiratory pathology, pathology urinary/renal, maldigestion/malabsorption, hepatic insufficiency, endocrine system. Learn to evaluate disturbances of nutrition. Explain why and how we age and identify the pathophysiological processes of aging.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

Disease and its causes:

• Pathophysiology of mechanical agents, thermal regulation, radiation/electricity, chemical and living agents, allergens

Pathophysiology mechanisms of host response to aggression:

• Inflammation

• Febrile syndrome

• Edema

• Electrolytic changes

• Pain

• Stress

• Pathophysiology of oncology

Pathophysiology of systems/organs and maturation:

• Cardiovascular: ischemia, infarction, thrombosis, embolism and gangrene. Shock, heart failure, hypertension

• Hematopoietic system: anemia and modulation hemostasis

• Respiratory: respiratory insufficiency

• Renal/urinary system: renal failure, renal colic, obstruction of the excretory/the acute scrotum, urinary tract infections, prostate

• Digestive: maldigestion/malabsorption, ileus and hepatic insufficiency

• Endocrine system: pathophysiology of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pancreas

• Nutrition: obesity, malnutrition, dyslipidemia, gout, vitamin deficiencies

• Ageing

Head Lecturer(s)

Anabela Mota Pinto

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Continuous assessment (presence and evaluation of seminars [1v]; analysis of scientific articles [0.60v]; Attendance to practical classes [0.40]): 10.0%
Mini Tests: 20.0%
Exam: 70.0%

Bibliography

Mota-Pinto, A. Fisiopatologia – Fundamentos e Aplicações. 1. ed. Lisboa: Lidel, Edições Técnicas, 2007. v. 1. 546 p. Copyright © Outubro de 2007/Reimpressão – Janeiro de 2009/ 2ª edição revista em 2013