Instrumentation and Analytical Techniques

Recommended Prerequisites

Physics II, Analytical Chemistry, Applied Statistic (same year and semester).

Teaching Methods

Concepts to understand the underlying principles of data acquisition systems, functionalities of measurement instruments, as well practical examples of digital equipment and instrumentation in pilot-scale installations of the department are presented in classes.

Homework assignment for the selection of instruments to measure process variables in a given process or the analytical technique used for the chemical characterization of a material.

Demonstration laboratory classes to understand the different methodologies for processing samples in analytical chemistry

Learning Outcomes

Understanding of general principles of data acquisition and signal processing systems. Instrumentation, inferential sensors and data acquisition systems for process monitoring and control.

 

Use of different techniques for chemical analysis, how to operate equipment, sample preparation techniques and treatment of results. Ability for selecting the most appropriate techniques for the characterization of various materials / solutions.

Skills to develop: to domain the theoretical knowledge (to understand and relate different subjects); ability to acquire knowledge independently, ability to integrate knowledge, judgment; to apply theoretical knowledge in practice; quality concerns; ability to orally communicate their findings; organization and planning; research.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

I. Introduction. Sensors: static and dynamic characteristics. Liquid and bimetal thermometers. RTD elements and thermocouples. Volume and mass flow rate measurement instruments. Pressure and level sensors. Other: pH, conductivity, viscosity, composition. Control valves.

Connection structures in computer based control systems. A/D and D/A conversion.Input-output digital lines. Electrical insulation. Virtual instrumentation with LabView.

II. Sensitivity, limits of detection, quantification in analytical methods. Calibration. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis: absorption and emission by molecules in ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared (NIR FTIR), flame atomic absorption (FAAS) and graphite furnace (GFAAS), mass spectrometry (MS), atomic fluorescence (XRF), X-rays (XRD), NMR. Elemental analysis.

Chromatographic methods. Chromatogram. Equipment, chromatographic columns and detectors. GC, HPLC, ionic chromatography; composed techniques:  GC-MS; GC-FTIR; HPLC-MS.

Head Lecturer(s)

Lino de Oliveira Santos

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Synthesis work: 20.0%
Mini Tests: 20.0%
Exam: 60.0%

Bibliography

Seborg, D.E.; Edgar, T.F.; Mellichamp, D.A., Process Dynamics and Control. 3rd ed, Wiley, 2004

Shinskey, F.G., Process Control System. 2nd ed, McGraw-Hill, 1979

Stephanopoulos, G., Chemical Process Control: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, 1984

Jones, E.B., Instrument Technology – Measurements of pressure, level, flow and temperature. Mewnes-Butterworths, London, 1974

Wightman, E.J., Instrumentation in Process Control. Butterworths, London, 1972

Harris, D.C., Quantitative chemical analysis. 6th ed., Freeman, New York, 2003

Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M.; Holler, F.J.,  Fundamentals of analytical chemistry, 7th ed., Thomson Learning, 1996

Skoog, D.A.; Holler, F.J.; Nieman, T.A., Principles of instrumental analysis. 5th ed., Harcourt Brace, 1998

Schwedt, G., The Essential Guide to Analytical Chemistry, Wiley, Chichester, 1997

Kellner, R.; Mermet, J.C.; Otto, M; Valcarcel, M.; Widmer, H. M., Analytical Chemistry. 2nd ed, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004.