Material and Energy Balances

Recommended Prerequisites

Basic concepts in the following domains: Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics.

Teaching Methods

Classes with the oral exposition of the theory.

Practical classes where the students will solve problems.

Possible execution of a work group (depending on the number of students and professors of the curricular unit).

Learning Outcomes

1-  Sedimentation of the basic concepts and the characteristic language of chemical processes;

2-  To provide a thorough exposition of balance equations concepts;

3-  To develop a framework  for the analysis of flow sheet information;

4- To solve balances calculations using a systematic approach;

5- To solve simple transient state material balances;

6- To identify the domains in the phase diagrams and to learn how to get quantitative information on them.

The competencies are identified mainly with the knowledge defined in the curricular unit program.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

(i) Material Balances: The Conservation Principles; Material balances in non-reacting systems; Special multiunit configurations (recycle, bypass and purge); Balances in reacting systems. The rate of reacting concept and limiting reactant / conversion. Species and element balances in reacting systems.

(ii) Energy Balances: The law of conservation of energy; Determination of enthalpies. Processes at variable temperature. Processes with phase changes. Heats of phase transition. Enthalpy of mixtures. Energy balances for reacting systems. Enthalpy of reaction. Definition of references states. Heat of formation and their use. Heat of combustion. Mean heat capacity of gases.

(iii) Material balances in transient state.

(iv) Phase equilibrium diagrams. Qualitative and quantitative analysis. Binary and ternary systems.

Head Lecturer(s)

Cristina Maria dos Santos Gaudêncio Baptista

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Exam: 100.0%

Bibliography

Reklaitis, G.V. Introduction to Material and Energy Balances. 1st edition. John Wiley & Sons, USA, 1983.

Felder, R.M.; Rousseau, R.W. Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. 2^nd  edition, John Wiley  & Sons, Canada, 1986.

Felder, R.M.; Rousseau, R.W. Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. 3^rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Canada, 2000.

Fonseca, I.M.F.; Egas, P.V. Fundamentos de Balanços de Energia. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, 2009

Fonseca, I.M.F. Balanços Mássicos e Análise do Grau de Liberdade. Caderno de Engenharia Química Nº 9, DEQ, Coimbra, 2007.

Fonseca, I.M.A. Duas formas alternativas da equação dum balanço energético a um reactor.

Boletim Sociedade Portuguesa de Química. Lisboa, 110, 27-31(2006).