Fluid Dynamics

Recommended Prerequisites

Calculus I, II and III, Physics I.

Teaching Methods

The above mentioned topics will be taught in two types of classes: theoretical and practical (TP). In the former, the concepts will be fully described whereas the latter will be devoted to the application of those concepts through the resolution of problems. In TP classes, a more direct contact teacher/student is privileged and team discussions are encouraged. The presentation will be made essentially using Power Point but also includes other forms of teaching as short movies and laboratory demonstrations. Laboratory classes on most topics are encompassed in Chemical Engineering Laboratories I.

Learning Outcomes

Provide fundamental concepts of Fluid Dynamics with especial emphasis on Chemical Engineering applications . The students should be able to understand the different behaviors and properties of fluids, to apply the mass, energy and momentum equations ( mainly in one dimension) in problems involving fluids (brief reference tocompressible fluids), to flow rate measurements, and in general, to fluid flow in pipes, namely to determine “losses” in flow systems as well as to the calculate pumping power. The students should also be able to easily work with different systems of units and to solve problems using the concepts of dimensional analysis. Understanding the principals of fluid drag and boundary layer should allow the calculations of drag coefficients in submerged objects of different shapes. The students should be able to develop skills to follow and relate the different topics in an autonomous way as well as to integrate the various tools to formulate and solve design problems. 

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

Concept of fluid and viscosity. Basics of rheology. Fluid statics. Applications to mano metry. Introduction to fluid flow; stream lines; Bernoulli equation, application to fluid flow measurement.; conservation of energy; pipe flow; Reynolds number; velocity profile in laminar and turbulent flow; entrance equivalent length; friction losses and minor losses; Darcy- Fanning equation, : Hagen-Poiseuilleeq uation; Blasius equation, Moody diagram; equivalent length. Compressible fluids and compressors.

Conservation of momentum. Application of momentum principle.

Dimensional analysis, similitude and models.

Centrifugal pump design: pump head; specific speed, cavitation and NPSH; similarity/affinity laws

Flow around immersed bodies: skin-frictional drag and pressure/form drag, buoyant force.

Stokes law.

Introduction to hydrodynamic boundary layer: laminar and turbulent regimes; boundary layer thickness. 

Head Lecturer(s)

Rui Carlos Cardoso Martins

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Frequency: 100.0%

Bibliography

Massey, B.S.; Ward-Smith, J. Mechanics of Fluids. 9th ed, Taylor & Francis, London, 2012, ou a tradução: Guedes de Carvalho, J.R. Mecânica de Fluidos. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, 2002.

Munson, B.; Okiishi, T.; Huebsch, W.; Rothmayer, A. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. 8th ed., John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. 2019

Wilkes, J.O. Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 2005

Multi-Media Fluid Mechanics, CD-Rom, Cambridge University Press

Campos, J. M. Mecânica dos Fluidos em Operações Unitárias. 1ª Edição, U. Porto Edições, Porto, 2017

Bird, R.B.; Stewart, W.E.; Lightfoot, E. N. Transport Phenomena. 3rd ed.. J Wiley & Sons, 2019.