Fluid Dynamics

Recommended Prerequisites

Calculus I, II, Physics I, II.

Teaching Methods

The above mentioned subjects will be taught in two types of classes: theoretical and practical (TP). In the former, the concepts will be fully described whereas the latter will be devoted to the application of those concepts through the resolution of problems. In TP classes, a more direct contact teacher/student is privileged and  team discussions are encouraged. The presentation will be made essentially using Power Point but also includes other forms of teaching as short movies.

Learning Outcomes

Provide fundamental concepts of Fluid Dynamics with especial emphasis on Chemical Engineering applications . The students should be able to understand the different behaviors and properties of fluids, to apply the mass, energy and momentum equations ( mainly in one dimension) in problems involving Newtonian fluids, mostly incompressible, to flow rate measurements, and in general, to fluid flow in pipes, namely to determine “losses” in flow systems as well as to the calculate pumping power.  The students should also be able to easily work with different systems of units and to solve problems using the concepts of dimensional analysis. Understanding the principals of fluid drag and boundary layer should allow the calculations of drag coefficients in submerged objects of different shapes. The students should be able to develop skills to follow and relate the different topics in an autonomous way as well as to integrate the various tools to formulate and solve design problems.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. concept of fluid and viscosity. Basics of rheology. Fluid statics. Applications to mano metry. Introduction to fluid flow; stream lines; Bernoulli equation, application to fluid flow measurement.; conservation of energy; pipe flow; Reynolds number; velocity profile in laminar and turbulent flow; entrance equivalent length; friction losses and minor losses; Darcy- Fanning equation,  : Hagen-Poiseuilleeq uation; Blasius equation, Moody diagram; equivalent length.

Conservation of momentum. Application of momentum principle.

Dimensional analysis, similitude and models.

Centrifugal pump design: pump head; specific speed, cavitation  and NPSH; similarity/affinity laws

Flow around immersed bodies: skin-frictional drag and pressure/form drag, buoyant force.

Stokes law.

Introduction to hydrodynamic boundary layer: laminar and turbulent regimes; boundary layer thickness.

Head Lecturer(s)

Maria Margarida Lopes Figueiredo

Assessment Methods

Assessment
The evaluation consists of two types: written tests along the semester and/or final exam. The former evaluation includes two tests (weight of 50% each). An average mark of at least 9.5 (out of 20) is required to skip the final exam, but a minimum of 8 marks is needed in each test. The final exam weights 100%. : 100.0%

Bibliography

Massey, B.S.; Ward-Smith, J. Mechanics of Fluids. 8th ed, Taylor & Francis, London, 2006, ou a tradução: Guedes de Carvalho, J.R. Mecânica de Fluidos. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, 2002.

Munson, B.; Okiishi, T.; Huebsch, W.; Rothmayer, A. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. 7th ed., John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. 2013

Wilkes, J.O. Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers. 2^nd ed. Prentice Hall, 2005

Multi-Media Fluid Mechanics, CD-Rom, Cambridge University Press

Bird, R.B.; Stewart, W.E.; Lightfoot, E. N. Transport Phenomena. 2^nd ed., J Wiley & Sons, 2002.