Theories and Models of Problem Solving

Recommended Prerequisites

Knowledge related to the main theories with of psychology.

Teaching Methods

Problem/project-based learning, in cooperation. Contents are presented (theoretical exposition, analysis of written and audiovisual documents, consultation of specialists), and students are invited to research or know systematizations (with the support of group dynamics, experiences, visits, forums of discussion) and structure the projects that are followed in tutoring. Based on a problem solving methodology, students make autonomous decisions and self-monitor work and network in addressing real problems, viewed in specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and within a time horizon solutions.

Learning Outcomes

Define problem

Conceptualize problem-solving (PS)

Describe "problem space"

Frame PS in the main theoretical currents of Psychology

Characterize PS in the affinities and conceptual distances with other psychological processes

Differentiate methods of problem solve, methods of enhancing PS and research PS

Apply models in psychology evaluation and intervention

- mental models

- prescriptive PS models

Learning based on problems

Explain the development of problem-solving behaviors and reflect on its importance in adaptating to different environments

Understand the construction of expertise

Analyze problems / Proceed to cognitive task analysis

Promote creative problem solving

Confront PS with personality variables (e.g. styles)

Solve problems cooperatively integrating knowledge and skills in project-based learning

Use cognitive tools through (technological) mediation to learn PS. 

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

Framework of PS in the context of the main theoretical currents of Psychology

Concepts: problem, problem space, and problem solving

Types of problems

Problem-solving strategies

Problem solving models (e.g., information processing).

Stage Models of PS

Representation of problems by novices and experts

The building of expertise

Conceptual affinities and distances of PS with other psychological processes (decision making, metacognition, motivation, creativity, ...)

PS and personality: styles

Problem-based learning

Cooperative problem solving

Creative problem solving

Problem-solving research methodologies

Problem-solving and the study / intervention based on problems

- relevance of approaches in social contexts of formal and informal education / training.

Head Lecturer(s)

Ana Cristina Ferreira Almeida

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Resolution Problems: 30.0%
Project: 70.0%

Bibliography

Almeida, A.C.(2010). A resolução de problemas na encruzilhada da Psicologia: reflexão em torno da unificação. Psychologica, 53, 217-235.

 Davidson, J.E., & Sternberg, R.J. (Eds.) (2003). The psychology of problem solving. Cambridge University Press.

 Dreyfus, S.E. (2004). The five-stage model of adult skill acquisition. Bulletin of science, technology & society, 24(3), 177-181.

 Jonassen, D.H. (2010). Learning to Solve Problems: A Handbook for Designing Problem-Solving Learning Environments. Oxford: Routledge.

 Jonassen, D.H., & Hung, W. (2008). All Problems are Not Equal: Implications for Problem-Based Learning. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 2(2).

 Malouff, J.M. (2011). “Over Fifty Problem Solving Strategies Explained” Teaching Problem Solving to College Students. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED523992.pdf

 Oon-Seng, T. (2007). Problem-based learning pedagogies: psychological processes and

enhancement of intelligences. ERPP 6(2), 101-114.