Theories and Models of Problem Solving
0
2021-2022
01741977
Psychology
Portuguese
English
Face-to-face
6.0
Elective
1st Cycle Studies
Recommended Prerequisites
Knowledge related to the main theories with of psychology.
Teaching Methods
Problem/project-based learning, in cooperation. Contents are presented (theoretical exposition, analysis of written and audiovisual documents, consultation of specialists), and students are invited to research or know systematizations (with the support of group dynamics, experiences, visits, forums of discussion) and structure the projects that are followed in tutoring. Based on a problem solving methodology, students make autonomous decisions and self-monitor work and network in addressing real problems, viewed in specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and within a time horizon solutions.
Learning Outcomes
Define problem
Conceptualize problem-solving (PS)
Describe "problem space"
Frame PS in the main theoretical currents of Psychology
Characterize PS in the affinities and conceptual distances with other psychological processes
Differentiate methods of problem solve, methods of enhancing PS and research PS
Apply models in psychology evaluation and intervention
- mental models
- prescriptive PS models
Learning based on problems
Explain the development of problem-solving behaviors and reflect on its importance in adaptating to different environments
Understand the construction of expertise
Analyze problems / Proceed to cognitive task analysis
Promote creative problem solving
Confront PS with personality variables (e.g. styles)
Solve problems cooperatively integrating knowledge and skills in project-based learning
Use cognitive tools through (technological) mediation to learn PS.
Work Placement(s)
NoSyllabus
Framework of PS in the context of the main theoretical currents of Psychology
Concepts: problem, problem space, and problem solving
Types of problems
Problem-solving strategies
Problem solving models (e.g., information processing).
Stage Models of PS
Representation of problems by novices and experts
The building of expertise
Conceptual affinities and distances of PS with other psychological processes (decision making, metacognition, motivation, creativity, ...)
PS and personality: styles
Problem-based learning
Cooperative problem solving
Creative problem solving
Problem-solving research methodologies
Problem-solving and the study / intervention based on problems
- relevance of approaches in social contexts of formal and informal education / training.
Head Lecturer(s)
Ana Cristina Ferreira Almeida
Assessment Methods
Assessment
Resolution Problems: 30.0%
Project: 70.0%
Bibliography
Almeida, A.C.(2010). A resolução de problemas na encruzilhada da Psicologia: reflexão em torno da unificação. Psychologica, 53, 217-235.
Davidson, J.E., & Sternberg, R.J. (Eds.) (2003). The psychology of problem solving. Cambridge University Press.
Dreyfus, S.E. (2004). The five-stage model of adult skill acquisition. Bulletin of science, technology & society, 24(3), 177-181.
Jonassen, D.H. (2010). Learning to Solve Problems: A Handbook for Designing Problem-Solving Learning Environments. Oxford: Routledge.
Jonassen, D.H., & Hung, W. (2008). All Problems are Not Equal: Implications for Problem-Based Learning. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 2(2).
Malouff, J.M. (2011). “Over Fifty Problem Solving Strategies Explained” Teaching Problem Solving to College Students. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED523992.pdf
Oon-Seng, T. (2007). Problem-based learning pedagogies: psychological processes and
enhancement of intelligences. ERPP 6(2), 101-114.