Instrumentation for Detection of Radiation

Recommended Prerequisites

Training in Quantum Mechanics, Atomic and Nuclear Physics, and Optics.

Teaching Methods

Lectures and laboratory work.

Learning Outcomes

Advanced training in:
- Detection principles and techniques used in nuclear and particle physics experiments,
- Instrumentation for nuclear and particle physics, with focus on radiation detection systems,
- Nonlinear and Fourier optics,
- Optical spectroscopy techniques

 In radiation detection, capability for
- Understanding the state of the art
- Design and development of radiation detectors.
- Analyzing and solving problems, implementing solutions and exploring them.

In optics, capability for
- Understanding and developing technological applications in the fields of nonlinear and Fourier optics,
- Understanding and exploiting systems or techniques in the field of optical spectroscopy.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

1. Interaction of Radiation with Matter
Charged particles and dE/dx; Bohr approximation and the Bethe-Bloch equation; straggling and range; Bragg curve; electromagnetic radiation; neutrons and thermalization. Measurement of energy, position and time.
Detectors: gaseous, semiconductor, scintillators; liquid and cryogenic detectors; photomultipliers.

2. Fourier Optics
Domains f and t; «Fourier transform of a lens, Fourier analysis, coherence and 4f correlator. Applications: spatial filtering, optical correlation, holograms, interferometry, phase contrast microscopy and spectroscopy. Nonlinear optics: frequency doubling; Kerr, Pockels and Faraday effects.

3. Spectroscopy
Atomic and molecular spectroscopy; lifetime measurements. Techniques in optical spectroscopy: monochromators and spectrometers; light sources; spectral and radiometric calibration; detectors; color, neutral and interferential filters; single photoelectron. X-ray spectroscopy.

Head Lecturer(s)

Maria Isabel Silva Ferreira Lopes

Assessment Methods

Assessment
Exam: 20.0%
Laboratory work or Field work: 20.0%
Synthesis work: 20.0%
Resolution Problems: 40.0%

Bibliography

1 - W.R. Leo, “Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments”, Springer, 1994
2 – C. Leroy, P. G. Rancoita, “Principles of Radiation Interaction in Matter Detection”, World Scientific, 2009
3 – J. F. Ziegler, “The Stopping of Energetic Light Ions in Elemntal Matter”, J. Appl. Phys./Rev. Appl. Phys., 85, 1249-1272 (1999)
4 - J. M. Lerner, “Imaging Spectrometer Fundamentals for Researchers in the Biosciences – A Tutorial”, Cytometry, Part A 69A:712-734 (2006)
5 – Eugene Hecht , “Óptica”, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2002
6 – Frank L. Pedrotti, Leno M. Pedrotti, Leno S. Pedrotti, “Introduction to Optics”, Pearson Education  Limited, 3rd ed., 2014
7 –Joseph W.  Goodman, “Introduction to Fourier Optics”, Roberts & Company, Englewood, Colorado, 2005
8 – R. Kalytis, “Photon counting in Astrophotometry. Fundamentals and some advices for beginners”, Tr.J. of Physics, 23 (1999) 335-345