Introduction to Energy Systems

Recommended Prerequisites

NA

Teaching Methods

Lectures on the physical and theoretical concepts arise associated with real examples and problem situations that illustrate the significance of these physical and mathematical concepts. There will be no marked distinction between theoretical and practical classes, and the realization of direct questionnaires to students ("quiz tests") will be promoted as a way to assess comprehension and the ability of the students to apply the concepts taught.

Learning Outcomes

This course has an introductory nature to the various aspects of energy that are based on the physical concepts of Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer and Electricity.

At the end students should be able to:

1) Have precise notions of:

System, energy, power, work, heat, enthalpy, 1st Law of Thermodynamics and efficiency;

Fluids viscosity, pressure variation with depth, flow regimes, pressure drops in ducts;

Mechanisms of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation and heat transfer coefficients.

AC electric current, active power, reactive power, power transformers, power generation and load curves.

2) Be able to solve problems involving:

Energy balances to closed and open systems with and without phase change;

Determination of pressures exerted by fluids on surfaces and pressure losses in ducts;

Application of Fourier, Newton Plank and equations;

Calculations of the electricity consumption, determination of losses in conductors and power factor correction.

Work Placement(s)

No

Syllabus

1. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

Energy, heat and work. First Law of Thermodynamics. Equation of state: the ideal gas model. Enthalpy. Balance of mass and energy in open systems.

2. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Laminar and turbulent flow; Conservation of energy to a moving fluid. Incompressible and non-viscous fluids. Hydrostatics. Bernoulli's equation. Load losses. Localized load losses.

3. Basis of Heat Transfer

Conduction, convection and radiation. Fourier's law, Newton's law. Concept of black body Plank´s and Stephan-Boltzmann laws. Absorption, transmission, reflection and radiation. Heat exchange by radiation.

4. Fundamental of Electric energy

Introduction. Energy and Power; Alternating current (AC); active and reactive power; transformers; Transmission lines; load flows. Power generation. Utilization of electric energy: load diagram; load characterization; energy efficiency; electric tariffs; optimization in electric networks.

Head Lecturer(s)

José Carlos Miranda Góis

Assessment Methods

Assessment
4 Tests (one at the end of each module) or final written test with four modules: 100.0%

Bibliography

1. Y. A. Çengel e M. A. Boles. THERMODYNAMICS: AN ENGINEERING APPROACH, McGraw-Hill, 2008.

2. Y. Cengel, R. Turner, J. Cimbala, Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, McGraw-Hill, 2003

3. M. J. Moran, H. N. Shapiro, B. R. Munson, D. P. DeWitt, Introduction to Thermal Systems Engineering: Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer, Willey, 2003

4. F. Kreith. "Princípios da Transmissão de Calor", Edgard Blucher Ltd, 1973.

5. Grimson. "Advanced Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer", McGraw-Hill, 1973.

6. L.A. Oliveira, A.G. Lopes. "Mecânica dos Fluidos", ETEP – Lidel, 2006.

7. F. M. White. "Fluid Mechanics", McGraw-Hill, 1999.

8. Grainger, John J., “Power System Analysis”, MacGraw Hill, 1994

9. L. Philipson, H. Lee Willis, “Understanding Electric Utilities and Deregulation”, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1998.

10. Casazza, J., Frank Delea, “Understanding Electric Power Systems – An Overview of te Technology and the Marketplace”, Wiley, 2003.